Use partition software, such as Cute Partition Manager.
Partition software has built-in commands that change file systems. Each program
is different, however, generally, you select a command from a menu and then
reboot your computer.
Free Linux Distributions / Operating Systems
The well-known open source Linux operating system is available in many
packages, known as distributions. These distributions include not only the
core of the OS, the Linux kernel, but a host of other utilities, software
applications and desktop environment that make the entire platform useful.
Most, if not all, of the distributions can be used as a desktop environment as
well as a server.
Installation of Linux has come a long way from the early 1990s, when I
installed my first Linux system from a set of boot/root floppies (don't ask).
Nowadays, all you have to do is to download the ISO of the distribution, burn
it to a CD or DVD, reboot the computer with the new CD, and follow the
instructions. The Linux installers usually have their own ability to install
beside an existing operating system like Windows (if you wish), or
alternatively, replace the system entirely.
If you want to dual-boot two operating systems, like Windows and Linux, you
can either rely on the Linux installers to manage the partitions, or, as some
hard-core computer enthusiasts prefer, use your own partition
managers to shrink your existing operating system's partition to make
space for Linux. My recommendation is that you also back
up or image your system before you do any major overhaul so that if you
don't like what you get, you can always go back to your original working
system.
If you only want to try the operating system, and don't want to repartition
your hard disk yet, you may also want to check the Free
Linux LiveCD Distributions - Live Linux on a CD or DVD which allow you to
boot Linux directly from a CD/DVD and use it immediately without installing.
Alternatively, you can also install Linux into a PC
emulator or virtual machine. Be aware that these solutions tend to make
Linux run slower than usual. Don't worry, it won't be like that when you
install Linux for real on your computer.
Explanation of some terms: unlike Windows and Mac OS X, where the operating
system and its user interface (the desktop that you see when you start the
machine) are inextricably intertwined, Linux comes with a variety of user
interfaces to choose from. Two of the most famous ones are KDE and GNOME. Both
are free. Some prefer KDE, others GNOME. Most of the major distributions have
both GNOME and KDE versions, allowing you to pick one. Choose whichever you
like. Before you ask: if you can't decide, and want to know what I normally
choose - I normally install KDE, probably because it works the way I expect
things to. But you can't go too far wrong, whichever you pick.
Free Linux Distros
- CentOS - The Community ENTerprise
Operating System
-
CentOS is an "enterprise-class" Linux distribution. It is
derived from the enterprise offerings of the commercial Red Hat
distribution. Basically, since the latter is open source (and uses other
open source packages), CentOS uses the same open source packages, removes
the branding and artwork, and re-releases it for free. The distribution is
suitable for both server and desktop deployments. It is used by many web
hosts, and is usually offered as one of the operating system choices
in dedicated
servers and virtual
private servers (VPS).
- Ubuntu, Kubuntu
and Xubuntu
-
The Ubuntu family is one of the most popular Linux distribution of
late. Ubuntu comes with a GNOME desktop, Kubuntu with a KDE one and
Xubuntu with a Xfce desktop environment. They are reputed to be very easy
to install and use, possibly because they don't provide you with the
plethora of choices some distributions do. It comes with applications for
a variety of tasks, although you won't find, like in some of the other
distros, multiple applications to choose from for each task. This
distribution is generally recommended for newcomers to Linux. Note that
you can download the distributions for free from their servers, or, if you
wish, you can also have it shipped to your address for free.
- OpenSUSE
-
OpenSUSE, formerly SUSE, is a well known Linux distribution from
Novell, with a good support for a variety of hardware. You can download
either the DVD or CD versions of Linux, GNOME or KDE versions, 32-bit,
64-bit or Power-PC versions, etc. Like all Linux distributions, it comes
with a huge assortment of software, including office
suites, multimedia
players, image
editors, C/C++
compiler, programming
tools, text
editors, etc. It's too long to list.
- Fedora
-
Fedora, which began its life as a Red Hat product, is a free Linux
distribution offering versions for Intel processors (both 32-bit and
64-bit) as well as PPC. You will need a DVD writer to burn
the ISO since it is only distributed as a DVD. Both GNOME and KDE
desktops are provided on the same distributin and you can switch between
them. Fedora, by policy, tends to have less built-in support for
multimedia types (like MP3) and file systems (like NTFS), although you can
always download the necessary support files (free) from third-party sites.
- Edubuntu
-
Edubuntu comes from the Ubuntu/Kubuntu family of Linux distributions.
It is a distro specifically designed for "young human beings".
It is intended for educational use, and at this time of writing, aimed at
classroom use. The distribution includes many school related applications
such as fun educational software like the KDE Edutainment Suite, Gcompris
(a collection of kindergarten activity programs), Tux4Kids (painting,
maths and typing), Schooltool calendar, OpenOffice (office suite with
wordprocessor, spreadsheet, presentation), etc. Like Ubuntu and Kubuntu,
you can either download it or order it. Both the Enterprise release and
the normal releases are free. (The Enterprise version will be supported
for a longer period, but the normal version has the latest versions of
software.)
- Debian
-
Debian is probably the mother of a large number of distributions, or in
lingo of the Linux aficionados, the upstream distribution on which many
distributions (like the Ubuntu family) base their distro. It is very well
regarded, but has a reputation of being very slow to update its software
to the latest version in its stable release.
- Slackware
-
Slackware was one of the earliest Linux distributions around. It can
run on a wide variety of hardware, including the old 486 machines right up
to the modern machines.